Notas sobre o fazer de uma psicóloga escolar na pandemia / Notas sobre la actuación de un psicólogo escolar en la pandemia / Notes on the work of a school psychologist during the pandemic / Notes sur l'action d'un psychologue scolaire dans la pandémie

Sabemos que o ato de educar é uma prática social discursiva, imergindo a criança na linguagem e a tornando capaz de fazer laço social. Entretanto, o ensino a distância (EAD) impôs-se como realidade atual. Como consequência, as restrições sociais e esse novo modo de estar na escola impactaram a saúde mental de alunos, de pais e de professores, e o psicólogo escolar foi convidado a ajudar na construção de formas possíveis de atravessamento do mal-estar. Este artigo, portanto, propõe reflexões acerca do meu trabalho como psicóloga escolar de orientação psicanalítica. Atuando em uma escola particular, durante uma pandemia que afastou os alunos da escola, defendo que a escola seja um 'lugar de vida' (Kupfer, 2010), constituindo-se como palco de construção de sentidos para experiências prazerosas e desafiadoras.

Sabemos que el acto de educar es una práctica social discursiva, que sumerge el niño en el lenguaje y lo hace capaz de crear un vínculo social. Sin embargo, la educación a distancia (EAD) se ha convertido en una realidad actual. Como consecuencia, las restricciones sociales y esta nueva forma de estar en la escuela impactaron la salud mental de alumnos, padres y profesores y el psicólogo educativo fue invitado a ayudar en la construcción de posibles vías de traspaso del malestar. Este artículo, por lo tanto, propone reflexiones sobre mi trabajo como psicólogo de orientación psicoanalítica en una escuela. Actuando en una institución privada, durante una pandemia que sacó a los estudiantes de la escuela, defiendo que la escuela es un 'lugar de vida' (Kupfer, 2010), constituyéndose como un escenario para la construcción de significados para experiencias placenteras y desafiantes.

It is already known that the act of educating is a social discursive practice, immersing the child in language and making them capable of stablishing social bonds. However, distance learning has become an imposed reality. As a consequence, social restrictions and this new way of being at school impacted the mental health of students, parents and teachers and the school psychologist was invited to support the construction of possible ways of dealing with hardship. This article, therefore, proposes reflections on my work as a school psychologist of psychoanalytical approach. Acting in a private school, during a pandemic that removed students from school, I claim that the school is a 'life place' (Kupfer, 2010), a stage where subjects can construct meanings for pleasant and challenging experiences.

On sait que l'acte d'éduquer est une pratique discursive sociale que introduit l'enfant dans le langage et le rend capable de faire un lien social. Néanmoins l'enseignement à distance est devenu une réalité nécessaire. En conséquence les restrictions sociales et une nouvelle façon d'être à l'école(EAD) ont eu un impact sur la santé mentale des élèves, des parents et des enseignants et le psychologue scolaire a été invité dans la pandémie à aider le sujet à construire des voies possibles pour traverser le malaise. Cet article propose des réflexions sur mon travail comme psychologue scolaire d'orientation psychanalytique dans une école privée de Rio de Janeiro lors d'une pandémie qui a éloigné des milliers d'élèves de l'école. Je soutiens avec Kupfer (2010) que l'école est un «lieu de vie¼ car elle constitue une étape pour la construction de sens d'expériences agréables et désagréables.

La pandemia de la covid-19, la fuerza mayor y la alteración de las circunstancias en materia contractual / The covid-19 pandemic, force majeure and changed contractual circumstances / A pandemia da covid-19, a força maior e a alteração das circunstâncias em matéria contratual

La declaratoria del estado de emergencia, a causa de la pandemia de la covid-19, exige un análisis de la vigencia de las relaciones contractuales y cómo estas pueden verse afectadas por eventos extraordinarios, imprevisibles e irresistibles que impidan el cumplimiento de las prestaciones, así como aquellos casos en los que la alteración de las circunstancias puede llevar a que una de las partes exija al juez recomponga el contenido de la prestación pactada o la resolución del contrato.

The declaration of a state of emergency due to the covid-19 pandemic requires an analysis of the validity of the contractual relations and how these may be affected by extraordinary, unforeseeable and irresistible events that prevent the performance of the services, as well as those cases in which the alteration of circumstances may lead one of the parties to demand that the judge recompose the content of the agreed service or terminate the contract.

A declaração de estado de emergência, devido à pandemia da covid-19, exige uma análise da vigência das relações contratuais e como estas podem ser afetadas por eventos extraordinários, imprevisíveis e irresistíveis que impeçam o cumprimento das prestações, assim como aqueles casos em que a alteração das circunstâncias podem levar a que uma das partes exija que o juiz recomponha o conteúdo da prestação acordada ou a rescisão do contrato.

Impact of community-based health insurance in rural India on self-medication & financial protection of the insured.

Background & objectives: The evidence-base of the impact of community-based health insurance (CBHI) on access to healthcare and financial protection in India is weak. We investigated the impact of CBHI in rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar States of India on insured households’ self-medication and financial position. Methods: Data originated from (i) household surveys, and (ii) the Management Information System of each CBHI. Study design was “staggered implementation” cluster randomized controlled trial with enrollment of one-third of the treatment group in each of the years 2011, 2012 and 2013. Around 40-50 per cent of the households that were offered to enroll joined. The benefits-packages covered outpatient care in all three locations and in-patient care in two locations. To overcome self-selection enrollment bias, we constructed comparable control and treatment groups using Kernel Propensity Score Matching (K-PSM). To quantify impact, both difference-in-difference (DiD), and conditional-DiD (combined K-PSM with DiD) were used to assess robustness of results. Results: Post-intervention (2013), self-medication was less practiced by insured HHs. Fewer insured households than uninsured households reported borrowing to finance care for non-hospitalization events. Being insured for two years also improved the HH’s location along the income distribution, namely insured HHs were more likely to experience income quintile-upgrade in one location, and less likely to experience a quintile-downgrade in two locations. Interpretation & conclusions: The realized benefits of insurance included better access to healthcare, reduced financial risks and improved economic mobility, suggesting that in our context health insurance creates welfare gains. These findings have implications for theoretical, ethical, policy and practice considerations.

Analysis about Lab Exam of Histology and Embryology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The hardship and differentiation degrees are important judgments about test questions.The key purpose about analyzing hardship and differentiation degrees is not only to keep the qualified test questions,eliminate the unqualified and refine the test questions,but also to accumulate valuable data to make exams more scientific,standardized and specified.